Engine-piston



.i. W. CALTA.

ENGINE PISTON. APPLICATION FILED MAY 19, 1919.

1,378,714. Patented Apr. 5 1921 ATTORNEYS I J'ES W. UALTA, 0F PLATTE, SOUTH DQTA.

Application filed lfiay 19, 1919.

T 0 all whom it- 'may concern lde it known that l, dAMns WV. CALTA, a citizen of the United States, residing at Platte, county of Charles Mix, and State of South Dakota, have invented certain new vand useful Improvements in Engine-Pistons,

of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in pistons and cylinders of internal combustion engines, and it consists in the combinations, constructions and arrangements herein de scribed and claimed.

An object of my invention is to provide a piston having means for preventing the working of the oil up into the explosion chamber, said means comprising a plurality of recesses forming pockets which may contain a sealing compound.

A further object of my invention is to provide means for retaining in the explosion chamber any unconsumed fuel oil, and for preventing the latter from working down past the piston into the crank case. In order to carry out the last-named object, ll make the head of thepiston dish-shaped, and also provide the explosion chamber with means for retaining unconsumed liquid fuel, as will be explained later.

@ther objects and advantages will appear in the following specification, and the novel features of the invention will be particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, forming part of this application, in which:

Figure 1 is a sectional view through the piston and cylinder; and Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the piston...

Tn carrying out my invention T provide a piston 1 having the usual piston rings 2, 3, 4E and 5. The head of the piston is dished, as shown at 5*.

dust above each-piston ringis a recess or pocket 2", 8, l and 5 extending around the circumference of the piston. These recesses are all formed with a sharp curve at the upper end, the lower ends tapering radiially to the outer edge-of the piston. The re cesses or pockets thus formed may be made in alathe, or may be partly-formed when the piston is cast, and then trued up.

In lFig. l, l have shown a section through the explosion chamber, and it will be noted that there is an annular trough 9 at the outer edge of the explosion chamber 10.

From the foregoing description at the Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 5, 19231.,

Fiorial lilo. 29%,lt0.

various parts of the cation, Serial No. 259 l10. This sealing coinpound consists of a mixture of refractory and lubricating materials, such as asbestos fiber, graphite, soapstone, mica and plumbago, and it has the double function of preventing the working of the oil from the crank case up past the piston, or the working of the liquid fuel downwardly into the crank case, and it also provides a lubricating means in itself. The composition, as stated, forms the subject of another application, the present application being directed to the means by which the piston is sealed and partly lubricated. Tn internal combustion engines which are fed with too rich a mixture, there is always a certain portion of the mixture which is unconsumed. This tends to condense and to work down'past the piston rings into the cranlr ease, thus wasting the liquid fuel and interfering with the proper lubrication of the piston. The present invention is designed to obviate this danger. The dish-shaped recess 5 in the head of the piston, holds any such condensed fuel, the condensation taking place more rapidly when the engine is cold, as when it is first started. In subsequent explosions, this fuel is consumed instead of being wasted. That portion of the condensed fuel, which is condensed by coming in contact with the cold walls of the explosion chamber, runs into the trough 9, where it is available for use with subsequent explosions.

The dishing of the piston head also serves another purpose, via, as a receptacle for any liquid fuel which may be injected into the cylinders when the engine is being primed.

The invention prevents the passage of lubricating oil upwardly, or of the liquid fuel downwardly through the joint or journal of the wrist pin. These parts, as is well known, tend to wear so as to permit the passage of oil or liquid fuel or gas unless means, as in the present invention, are provided to prevent it,

@ther advantages resulting from the arrangement described herein, such as the fact that the cylinders will be kept smooth and clean, that the explosive is prevented from as described above, also lid passing by thelrings through the grooves,

said lubricating oil is prevented from enter-- ing the combustion chamber and coming in contact with the spark plug and ruining the t latter. The arrangement causes the engine to fire more evenly and uniformly because no oil can get to the spark plug. Since the water does not heat up as in the ordinary type of engine, less water is necessary. Less gasolene is necessary and the power of the motor is increased; less lubricating oil is necessary. Since the explosives cannot get onto the cylinder wallsand piston rings, the latter are kept cool. The composition car- I ried in the recesses keeps the cylinder and piston lubricated. The composition tends to expand the rings as they wear, and hence obviates the necessity of buying new ones. This composition tends to work into the t t pores in the rings and in the walls of the cylinders, making the engine run smoother. By sealing the rings in the pistons'it will overcome many difliculties. The arrangement also prevents the carbon from getting "T into the crank case and destroying the lubricating oil. dince lubricating oil is kept out of th explosive chamber by the sealing means described, it prevents a blue smoke from going out at the recesses. When the cylinders are worn out of shape, or are, not properly cylindrical the material comprising the sealing compound will overcome the diihculty ordinarily experienced by worn cylinders. in this connection it will be noted that the wrist pin 18 being arranged at the upper end of the piston, a relatively longer connecting rod will be used. By reason of the relatively great length of the connecting rods used, the wear on the pistons and rings to and on the cylinders will be reduced to a minimum, and hence the danger of wearing the cylinders into an oval or egg shape will be practically overcome, since the piston rings will not slap against the sides of the t5 inciding with one outer corner of said grooves.

2. A piston for internal combustion engines having a plurality of piston rings and a recess above each piston ring, each of said recesses being tapered outwardly toward the exterior of the piston on the side of the recess toward the adjacent piston ring.

3. A piston for internal combustion engines having a plurality of piston rings, said piston being provided with a circumter ential groove disposed immediately above each piston ring, the bottoms of the grooves adjacent to the piston ring being relatively shallow, and each of said grooves being adapted to contain a lubricating sealing material.

JAMES "W. GALTAL 

